2. Pronoun

Pronouns are the words that replace the Nouns. Using the same noun can sometimes look odd and degrades the quality of sentences. So, we replace that noun with a pronoun. We do this so that the word does not sound repititive. For ex. If we are writing an essay on Taj Mahal and we keep repeating nthe word Taj Mahal it will look awkward. Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument. Taj Mahal was built by Shahajahan. Taj Mahal is situated in U.P.  Here instead of using the same word again we can replace it by the Pronoun, ‘It’

 

Types of Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns act as the subject of the clause. Personal pronouns can also act as the object of verb or a preposition. Examples of Personal pronouns are I, He, She, It, They, We, You, me, her, him, it, you, them and us.

 

Example sentences of Personal pronouns

1. He gave me his contact number.

2. They were upset with their exam performance.

3. Riya could not attend the lecture because her mother was very ill.

 

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns talks about the possession or ownership of something. It will be more clear from the examples. Examples of Possessive pronouns are mine, yours, ours, theirs, her, hers, its.

Example sentences of Possesive pronoun

The Mathematics book which you gave to Rahul was mine.

 

Indefinite Pronoun

 Indefinite Pronoun refers to things in general. Some of the examples of Indefinite pronoun are few, everything, everyone,all, anybody, nobody and some.

Nobody was present in the classroom when the lecturer came.

Some of the students got suspended yesterday.

Everyone stood up when the national anthem began.

All of you, leave the class at once.

 

Also Learn: What are Sentences in English Grammar

 

Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun are those which connects a part of a sentence to a noun or a pronoun. Some of the examples of Relative Pronoun are who, whom, whosoever, which, whose, whichever and that etc

Example sentences of Relative Pronoun are:-

1. Whom are you talking about?

2. Yesterday I found a red pen, whose pen was that?

3. Who is responsible for the lack of good healthcare services for the poor people of society?

 

Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative Pronouns are those which points out to something. They pay attention on nouns being replaced. Example of Demonstrative pronoun are: this, such, these, those, that, there, here etc

Those songs are so lovely.

That boy sitting on the last bench is such an idiot.

Interrogative Pronoun

Those pronouns which are used to put a question to the listener arr known as Interrogative pronouns. Example of Interrogative pronouns are who, what, why, whom, whosoever, where, which etc..

Example sentences of Interrogative pronouns

1. What would you love to eat today?

2. Which is the best book for SSC CGL preparation?

 

Reflexive Pronoun

 A reflexive pronoun,  is a pronoun that is preceded or followed by the noun, adjective, adverb or pronoun to which it refers (its antecedent) within the same clause.

Example:

A reflexive pronoun is generally in the case when an object of a sentence is the same as the subject in sentence. Each personal pronoun (such as I, you,he and she) has its own reflexive form:

• I — myself
• you — yourself/yourselves
• he — himself
• she — herself
• one — oneself
• it — itself
• we — ourselves
• they — themselves

Some sentences examples are:

He destroyed his career himself.

When you live alone in a new city, you have to either cook yourself or order from outside.

 

3. Prepositions

Preposition is a word which is used before a Noun or a pronoun and talks about the relationship between the noun/ pronoun and the other part of the sentence. It will be more clear with the help of examples

Some common examples of the prepositions.

Among, between, after, on,in, under, over, between, beside, besides, in spite of, for, since, despite, within, into, onto, upon, in front of, across, through, over, till, until etc

1. He put the book on the table

2. He is writing a letter with the fountain pen.

3. When earthquake came the students and teachers hid themselves under the bench.

 Description and usage of some selected prepositions

Among: it is used to show association with 2 or more than two  things in number.

Ex: He distributed the sweets among his classmates.

Between: This preposition is used to show association between of 2 things. Ex

The match between India and Pakistan has been delayed due bad weather.

Beside: by the side of

Rajesh always sit beside Sonu in the classroom.

Besides: with addition to

 Besides being a good student be is also a good sportsman.

For: it denotes the period of time.

Ajay has been studying for 2 hrs.

He kept himself busy in business for 8 years.

Since: is used to denote the point of time.

Mrs Verma has been teaching in this college since 1999.

 

 4. Verb 

 Words which denotes some action are known as Verbs. Action doing words are known as Verbs.

 

Verbs are mainly of 2 types

Helping Verb

Main Verb

Helping Verbs are then subdivided into Modals and Primary Auxiliary Verbs.

Auxiliary Verbs: they act as helping verbs and works with the main verbs.

Modal Auxiliary verb: They are also the helping verbs..some of the examples are Should, Can, Could, Would, shall, might, Ought to, Will, might etc.

Some sentences of both:-

Rajni can cook on her own.

We should always respect our teachers.

Rajat is used to eat dinner at late night.

He does not dare to ask anything from his father.

.

Main Verb.

Main verbs are the verbs which are used in the sentences to denote some action or occurrence of an event.

Ex. My mom is cooking food for us. ( MV-  Cooking )

Ex. Singing, dancing, eating, baking, learnt, hit, put etc..

There are 3 forms of Main Verbs

Present ( 1st form)

Past (2nd form)

3rd form

ing form

Examples:-

bear    bore  born

Give    gave   given

Blow   blew   blown

 

Example sentences:

1. Ajay is studying for his final semester exams. (MV:  Studying)

2. Rupali has topped her college. ( MV: topped)

 Important: SSC CGL Exam Vocabulary

 

 5. Adjective

A word which tells the qualities of a noun or a pronoun is known as Adjective.

Example: good, intelligent, clever, best, happy, smart, dull, beautiful, fair, easy etc

Sentence examples:

Ekta is the most intelligent student of her class.

The boys of this locality are very clever.

He is the most intelligent person of his family.

 

Types of Adjectives

1.Adjective of Quality

2. Adjective of number

3. Demonstrative adjective

4. Possessive adjectives

5. Interrogative Adjectives

6. Distributive Adjectives

7. Adjective of quantity

 

Adjective of Quality: Adjectives that denotes the quality of an object or a person. Ex. An intelligent man ,a clever man, a dull student etc..

Adjective of Number

Five girls, three teachers, sixth row, several boys few sums on percentage etc

Demonstrative adjectives

The adjectives which points to some thing or a person is called as Demonstrative adjectives.

This , that, those, these etc

Ex: this boy, that girl,this room, these questions,

Distributive Adjectives

Ex: Each, every, either, neither, some etc

Each of the boys got good marks in Reasoning section of paper.

Neither of them came to help me.

Possessive adjectives

Adjectives which denotes possession of an object is known as Possessive adjective.

Ex. My, our, their, your

This is my mobile, return it to me.

This is our own house.

Interrogative Adjectives

Example: What, which, whose etc

What are you waiting for?

Which books do you want to buy?

 

6. Adverb

An adverb is a word that qualifies noun.

Very, hard, smartly, simply, easily, honestly, slowly, cleverly etc

Ex. Rajat studies very hard for University exams.

The teacher easily explained the complex questions.

He slowly moved out of the class.

Do not talk loud in the class ( loud)

Shyam worked long last night.

Adverbs are of 3 types

1. Simple adverb

2. Relative Adverbs.

3. Interrogative Adverbs

Later these adverbs are subdivided.

7. Conjunction

Conjunction is an important topic out of the 8 Parts of Speech in English Grammar. Conjunction is a word or group of words that connects phrase, clause or 2 sentences.

Ex. Jyoti and Rahul are best friends.

BJP and Congress are the 2 main parties of India.

Rahul’s father told him that he should wake up early in the morning.

Some of the common Conjunctions are mentioned below. Have a look:-

And, As well as, therefore, neither…nor, either..or, as…as, When, As if, Although, As far as, Such..that, whenever, wherever, because etc.

Conjunctions are of 2 types:

1. Coordinating Conjunction
2. Sub-ordinating Conjuntion

Ex. of Coordinating Conjunction

1. He reached the school but no one was there.
2. Rahul prepared well for exam and topped his class.

Coordinating Conjunctions are of 4 types:

1. Cumulative Conjunction
2. Alternative Conjunction
3. Adversative Conjunction
4. Illative Conjunction

2. Subordinate Conjunctions In this type of Conjunctions, there are 2 clauses, the Principal Clause and the subordinate clause. The subordinate clause is dependent on the Principal Clause. Examples are given below:-

When the policeman saw a fast driving car, he stopped it.

She could not attend the class because she was feeling unwell.

Since he has deceived me earlier, I don’t trust him anymore.

He could not talk to the girl because he is very shy.

 8. Interjection

Last in our 8 Parts of Speech, we have Interjection. Interjection is not much important in Grammar, so many a times it is ignored by the Grammar teachers. Interjection are words which are used just to convey feelings or emotions. They have nothing to do with the meaning or sense of the sentences. We will look at some examples of Interjection to make it more clear.

“Oh no, I  forgot that teacher has to take a grammar test today.”

“So, he is calling you again, huh?”

“Aha, what a yummy cake you have prepared!”

List of common Interjections:-

• Aha
• Boo
• Crud
• Dang
• Eew
• Gosh
• Goodness
• Ha
• Oh
• Oops
• Oh no
• Ouch
• Rats
• Shoot

So, this was all about the 8 Parts of Speech in English Grammar. We now hope that you have understood all the concepts clearly. In our coming posts, we will discuss each of the Grammar topics and Parts of Speech separately. Don’t forget to share this article with others if you found it useful. Stay tuned with Careeradvice4u for more Exam updates and online learning.

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Deepak Kumar

Deepak Kumar is the founder of careeradvice4u.com. He is a Professional Blogger, web designer, and a highly experienced teacher too. He has done Computer Science from Delhi University and has 9 years of teaching experience. He teaches various subjects upto XII class and above that also. He has helped thousands of students to excel in academics. He had in his mind from a very long time to use his blogging passion for the help of School, college students, and other job seekers. Careeradvice4u will bring to you all the information and stuff that you need to shape up your career. He is also the founder of successfully growing tech blog: techadvises.com and also runs his own digital marketing agency, xPress Web Solutions, which deals in all types of web solutions

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